Hospitalizations for congenital syphilis in children under one year old in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon: ecological study.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of congenital syphilis shows flaws in the resolution of primary health care, being a predictor of greater use of hospital services, whose regional differences in access to health actions and services may be reflected in health inequalities. OBJECTIVE: to investigate hospitalizations due to congenital syphilis in children under one year of age, in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: an ecological study was carried out, using hospitalization, lethality and mortality rates related to congenital syphilis in children under one year of age. Temporal analysis and mapping of hospitalization flows were carried out using Joinpoint®, version 4.7.0.0, Terraview 4.2.2, Tabwin 4.1.5. RESULTS: A total of 6,487 hospitalizations were recorded. For the ten years of the study period (2009 to 2018), the lethality rate showed a decreasing trend of - 13.5% (p = 0.01). The crude hospitalization rate showed an increasing trend of 12.8% (p < 0.000. The regression analysis demonstrated that there was a change point in the trend with a significant growth of 12.8% until 2016 (p = 0.0006). In the mortality rate the trend was stable (p = 0.56). The analysis of hospitalization care flows made it possible to identify that most hospitalizations due to congenital syphilis occurred in the municipalities of residence, but 1,378 (21.2%) had to move. Two large care gaps were highlighted in Metropolitan health regions II and III, belonging to macroregion II. The hospitalizations of residents of these regions were carried out by the assistance networks of Belém (capital) and Marituba, both of which are part of Metropolitana I. Residents of macroregions III and IV had the greatest distances traveled to access hospital care. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the rate of hospitalizations with an increasing trend demonstrates the impact that syphilis still causes in Brazil, not being resolved even after national government interventions in primary health care, but there was a decreasing trend in the fatality rate. The results demonstrate a heterogeneous organization of health care networks in the state's health regions and macroregions.

Leprosy and tuberculosis control scenario of the national program for the improvement of access and quality of primary care in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, despite advances in public health policies aimed at eliminating and controlling infectious and parasitic diseases, the incidence of neglected diseases is still high. The epidemiological scenario in Brazil of diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy evidences a public policy agenda that has not been resolute in terms of control, nor in terms of elimination. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the actions of diagnosis and treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis in the context of primary health care. METHODS: In this ecological study, data from the third cycle of the Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care were extracted from electronic address of the Primary Health Care Secretariat of Brazil in the area of Actions, Programs and Strategies. A total of 37,350 primary health care teams were that answered the questionnaire were eligible, with variables extracted from leprosy and tuberculosis control actions. The municipalities were grouped according to the characteristic of the Brazilian municipality. The partition chi-square and the Residuals Test were used to assess whether there was a difference in the proportion of tuberculosis and leprosy actions between types of municipalities. Statistics were carried out using Minitab 20 and Bioestat 5.3. RESULTS: Regarding the leprosy treatment location, there is a higher proportion of people referred to be treated at the reference in adjacent rural (p = 0.0097) and urban (p < 0.0001) municipalities; monitoring of people with leprosy referred to the service network (p. = 0.0057) in remote rural areas. Lower proportion of teams requesting bacilloscopy in remote rural areas (p = 0.0019). Rural areas have a higher proportion of teams that diagnose new cases (p = 0.0004). Regarding the actions of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. There is a higher proportion of teams that carry out consultations at the unit itself in rural areas when compared to adjacent intermediaries (p = 0.0099) and urban (p < 0.0001); who requested sputum smear microscopy in adjacent intermediaries (p = 0.0021); X-ray in adjacent intermediaries (p < 0.0001) and urban (p < 0.0001); collection of the first sputum sample in urban (p < 0.0001) and adjacent rural areas (p < 0.0001); directly observed treatment (p < 0.0001) in adjacent rural municipalities. CONCLUSION: There are inequalities in the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis among the types of municipalities.

Desafios apresentados por primíparas frente ao processo de amamentação / Challenges presented by primiparas in the breastfeeding process

Objetivo: Descrever as principais dificuldades encontradas por primíparas diante do processo de amamentação. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e com abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Unidade Básica de Saúde da Sacramenta, em Belém no estado do Pará, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2019. Participaram primíparas lactantes, independente se amamentam de forma exclusiva ou não, sem contraindicações na amamentação, acompanhadas de seu recém-nascido (RN), único, nascido a termo, sem malformações. Resultados: As principais dificuldades apontadas pelas participantes relacionadas a amamentação neste estudo foram: Presença de fissura mamilar, pouco produção de leite e má pega. Conclusão: O auxílio à primípara lactante no processo de amamentação, pode evitar as intercorrências mamárias, bem como poderá auxiliar a resolvêlas quando estas já estiverem instaladas. É indispensável que o enfermeiro seja agente de mudanças, que saiba ofertar o suporte necessário para a continuidade da amamentação(AU)

Objective: To describe the main difficulties encountered by primiparas in the breastfeeding process. Method: This is a descriptive, prospective study with a qualitative approach, carried out at the Sacramenta Basic Health Unit, in Belém, Pará, in the months of July and August 2019. Breastfeeding primiparous women participated, regardless of whether they breastfed exclusively or not, without contraindications to breastfeeding, accompanied by her newborn (NB), single, born at term, without malformations. Results: The main difficulties mentioned by the participants related to breastfeeding in this study were: Presence of cracked nipples, little milk production and poor attachment. Conclusion: Helping primipara lactating in the breastfeeding process can prevent breast complications, as well as help to resolve them when they are already installed. It is essential that nurses are agents of change, that they know how to offer the necessary support for the continuity of breastfeeding.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las principales dificultades que encuentran las primíparas en el proceso de lactancia. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en la Unidad Básica de Salud Sacramenta, en Belém, Pará, en los meses de julio y agosto de 2019. Exclusivo o no, sin contraindicaciones para la lactancia materna, acompañada de su recién nacido. (NB), soltero, nacido a término, sin malformaciones. Resultados: Las principales dificultades mencionadas por las participantes relacionadas con la lactancia materna en este estudio fueron: Presencia de pezones agrietados, poca producción de leche y mal agarre. Conclusión: Ayudar a primipara lactando en el proceso de lactancia puede prevenir complicaciones mamarias, así como ayudar a resolverlas cuando ya están instaladas. Es fundamental que las enfermeras sean agentes de cambio, que sepan ofrecer el apoyo necesario para la continuidad de la lactancia materna.(AU)

Internações por doenças preveníveis por vacina em um estado da região amazônica / Hospitalization due to vaccine-preventable diseases in a state of the amazon region

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de descrever a distribuição das internações por doenças imunopreveníveis no Pará. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, ecológico sobre as internações por doenças imunopreveníveis ocorridas no período de 2009 a 2018 em residentes do Estado do Pará. Os dados foram extraídos do sistema de informação hospitalar. Para as análises foram utilizados os programas Joinpoint, Terraview e Tabwin. Resultados: a taxa de internação na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos apresentou tendência com crescimento significativo no período de 2012 a 2018. As regiões de saúde apresentaram padrão heterogêneo na distribuição das taxas de internação pelas doenças estudadas, assim como foi demonstrado dependência espacial fraca com aglomerados de municípios com padrão alto-alto e baixo-baixo localizados em regiões de saúde distintas. Evidenciou-se a importância do rastreio das populações prioritárias para vacinação e dos mais acometidos por internações relacionadas a doenças imunopreveníveis. A distribuição espacial demonstrou um padrão heterogêneo das internações no Pará.

This study aimed to describe the distribution of hospitalizations for vaccine-preventable diseases in Pará is provided. The method used was an observational, ecological study on hospitalizations for vaccine-preventable diseases between 2009 and 2018 in residents of the state of Pará. Data were retrieved from the hospital data system. Joinpoint, Terraview and Tabwin were used for the analyzes. Results: The hospitalization rate for the 15 - 49 age group showed a significant growth trend during the 2012 ­ 2018 period. Health regions showed a heterogeneous pattern in the distribution of hospitalization rates for the diseases studied, poor spatial dependence, with clusters of municipalities with very high and very low standards, in different health regions. Screening of priority populations for vaccination and most affected groups of people by hospitalizations related to vaccine-preventable diseases was highlighted. The spatial distribution showed a heterogeneous pattern of hospitalizations in Pará.

Metodologia da problematização na integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e a assistência: relato de ações extensionistas / Problematization methodology in the integration between epidemiological surveillance and assistance: report of Extensionist actions

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência com o uso da metodologia problematizadora com Arco de Maguerez em ações extensionistas de integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e a assistência à saúde. Métodos: Relato de experiência de discentes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, em um projeto de extensão universitária, no qual foi utilizada metodologia problematizadora com o Arco de Maguerez. Resultados: A etapa que conduziu a identificação do problema na notificação compulsória das doenças e agravos também estimulou o desenvolvimento da competência de diagnóstico dos problemas de saúde e habilidades para tomada de decisão. Enquanto, as etapas que levaram a escolha e implementação da intervenção com atividades educativas estimulou o desenvolvimento das competências de intervir nos problemas de saúde; comunicação e educação permanente. Conclusão: O uso de uma metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem na solução de um problema real e aplicado as ações extensionistas contribuiu no desenvolvimento competências e habilidades importantes na formação como Enfermeiros. (AU)

Objective: To describe the experience with the use of the problematizing methodology uses the Maguerez Arch in extension actions of integration between epidemiological surveillance and health care. Methods: Experience report of students of the undergraduate Nursing course, in a university extension project, in which problematizing methodology with the Maguerez Arch was used. Results: The stage that led to the identification of the problem in the compulsory notification of diseases and conditions also stimulated the development of the competence to diagnose health problems and decision-making skills. Meanwhile, the steps that led to the choice and implementation of the intervention with educational activities stimulated the development of the skills to intervene in health problems; communication and permanent education. Conclusion: The use of a teaching-learning methodology to solve a real problem and applied to extension actions contributed to the development of important competences and skills in training as Nurses. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir una experiencia con el uso de la metodología de la problematización con Arco Maguerez en acciones de extensión de integración entre Vigilancia Epidemiológica y una asistencia a la salud. Métodos: Relato de experiencia de estudiantes de la graduación Enfermería, en proyeto de la extensión universitaria, con metodología la problematización con Arco Maguerez. Resultados: Una etapa que conduce a la identificación del problema en la notificación obligatoria de las obligaciones y agravios, así como el cálculo o desarrollo de la competencia de diagnóstico dos problemas de saúde y las habilidades para la toma de decisión. Mientras, con pasos que llevaron a la elección implementación da intervención con actividades educativas, estimuló el desarrollo de las habilidades para intervenir en problemas de salud; comunicación y educación continua. Conclusíon: El uso de una metodología de aprendizaje y solución de problemas reales y aplicados como acciones extensionistas no contribuyen al desarrollo de competencias y habilidades importantes como la formación de enfermedades. (AU)